Application Analysis of RFID Technology in ITS.china pet microchip manufacturer manufacture

　　Application Analysis of RFID Technology in ITS

　　ITS (Intelligent Transportation) is a kind of real-time and accurate method that is established by organically applying advanced sensor technology, communication technology, data processing technology, network technology, automatic control technology, information release technology, etc. to the entire transportation management system. , Efficient comprehensive transportation management and control system. RFID is an important technical means that integrates various information technologies and serves ITS.

　　RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology was originally used as a technology for the identification of enemy or enemy aircraft during World War II. In recent years, it has revived new opportunities in the field of logistics and supply chain management, and has received great attention and considerable development. In the field of transportation, RFID technology has also achieved application results in smart bus cards, non-stop toll collection, parking lot management, vehicle type and flow information collection, and highway vehicle speed calculation and analysis.

　　1. RFID technology

　　RFID technology transmits the unique identification code stored in the RFID tag to the RFID reader by means of radio waves. When the label is attached to the marked object, it can realize the long-distance, indirect contact recognition of the marked object. Based on the radio wave transmission period and the characteristics of the transmission channel, multi-target, large-scale, and fast identification can be achieved at the same time.

　　Its system composition mainly includes: tags, readers, and computers for background control and processing. The tag contains a tiny chip for storing its ID number, and an antenna for radio wave reception and reflection. The reader is a complex device that also includes an antenna for signal transmission and reception. The antennas differ greatly in shape and size according to the distance at which the signal is received. According to different operating frequencies, RFID technology is mainly divided into low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), ultra high frequency (UHF), and microwave (MW) frequency bands. Different frequency bands have different physical mechanisms of their work, and correspondingly have different transmission distances, transmission speeds, and application fields. According to the power supply of the label, it is also divided into active and passive labels. Active tags use battery power. Passive tags are powered by the radio wave energy of the reader. Due to the different power supply methods, the propagation distance and application fields are different.

　　2. Application of RFID in ITS

　　The concept of Intelligent Transport System (Intelligent Transport System) was formed in the early 1990s. Prior to this, some developed countries, such as the United States, Japan and European Union countries, had done a lot of intelligent problems on highways and motor vehicles. Research and achievements have been made. At that time, the United States named the IVHS project, which is the abbreviation of Intelligent Vehicle-Highway System. Later, with the increasingly urgent requirements of transportation intelligence, the task of modernization of the transportation industry became more and more onerous, and the development direction of expanding the application of road transportation intelligence research results to the railway, water transportation and aviation fields was determined from the perspective of integrated transportation systems. Research on the problem of intelligent transportation network, which gradually formed a new concept of establishing an intelligent transportation system.

　　The content of intelligent transportation is very extensive, such as: urban traffic signal system, public dispatch and service system, regional networked non-stop toll system, public travel information service system, etc. RFID technology has a wide range of applications from the Ministry of Transportation, provincial and municipal traffic management departments to enterprises, and the main application areas include: e-government, intelligent transportation, transportation/logistics, etc. The field of intelligent transportation specifically includes highway network toll collection, non-stop toll collection, multi-path recognition, and all-in-one card.

　　1. Urban public transportation

　　The functions and characteristics of RFID application in the public transportation management system include the following aspects: remote automatic identification without stopping, real-time fixed-point collection of the time of transit vehicles entering and exiting the station and passing the platform, determining the location of the public transport vehicle; LED display board in the dispatch center And the platform display board can respectively display the dynamic information of the online operation of the bus at a certain platform or between platforms (including the location of the vehicle, the degree of crowding of passengers, empty vehicles, and normal information prompts), which is convenient for flexible scheduling of vehicles and convenience for passengers Waiting; it is convenient to check whether the bus is running according to the specified route, and to improve the punctuality of the vehicle arriving at the platform; it is convenient for vehicle scheduling, traffic statistics, vehicle attendance, task evaluation, road bill report generation, and maintenance period reminder, vehicle maintenance record , Automated management of inspection records, etc.

　　2. Electronic non-parking toll collection (ETC)

　　Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) is an electronic automatic toll collection system for highways, bridges and tunnels. It applies RFID technology, through dedicated short-range communication between the roadside antenna and the on-board electronic tag, and automatically completes the entire process of toll processing without the need for the driver to stop and other toll collectors to take any action. Non-stop tolling involves the recovery of investment in transportation infrastructure and is an effective means to alleviate traffic congestion at toll stations. Moreover, the usage of toll cards is large in use. Therefore, various countries give priority to the development of non-stop toll system application systems, and Active promotion, the application in Europe and the United States is relatively mature and common, and my country has also been put into application on expressways in Guangdong and other places.

　　RFID technology has gradually been successfully promoted and applied in the transportation industry, and has achieved good social and economic benefits. In the field of intelligent transportation, it is mainly used in electronic non-stop toll collection. For example, Xiamen Road and Bridge Management Co., Ltd. applies RFID technology to the e-toll collection system and issues a total of 200,000 RFID electronic tags. Guangdong United Electronic Toll Collection Co., Ltd. has established an e-toll collection system in 2004 and has issued 160,000 RFID electronic tags. The labels have achieved good results. The implementation of the non-stop toll collection system has effectively improved vehicle passing efficiency, prevented the occurrence of "bottlenecks" in toll stations, and realized unattended toll collection, effectively curbing the evasion of tolls, negligence of duty, and cheating by toll collectors. At the same time, it reduces the management cost of toll stations and recovers the investment in infrastructure more quickly.

　　3. Intelligent parking lot management

　　The intelligent parking system can effectively, accurately and intelligently identify, collect, record and upload and process the data information of system vehicles and non-system vehicles entering and leaving the parking lot, and can be supplemented by corresponding manual intervention when necessary. Avoid the impact of abnormal events. When the vehicle enters/exits the access control antenna communication area, the antenna performs two-way data exchange with the electronic identification card through microwave communication, reads the relevant information of the vehicle from the electronic car card, and reads the relevant information of the driver from the driver card. Automatically identify the electronic vehicle card and driver card and determine whether the vehicle card is valid and the legitimacy of the driver card. The lane control computer displays the license plate number and driver information corresponding to the electronic vehicle card and driver card one-to-one; the lane control computer automatically The relevant information of the passing time, vehicle and driver is stored in the database, and the lane control computer makes judgments based on the data read to realize the passage and charging management.

　　4. Ambiguous path identification and highway toll split account management

　　With more and more highways being repaired, the networked toll road sections have appeared in a network distribution, which has brought great difficulties to determining the route of the vehicle. In provinces where highway network construction is relatively developed, such as Shandong and Henan, highways have become a network and are managed by different investment entities. At present, the shortest path is generally used to collect tolls and split the tolls, which has caused a certain loss of tolls and disputes over the splits. If RFID technology is used, information points will be set up at highway intersections. When the vehicle passes through the RFID information point, the passing location information is written into the pass card, so that you can accurately know the driving route of the vehicle according to the landmark location passed, accurately collect tolls, accurately split the account, and does not affect the vehicle's performance Pass quickly. At the same time, application path recognition can further strengthen toll operation management and reduce toll leakage. According to the current toll management, once the toll evasion of individual toll stations occurs, not only the company’s tolls will be lost, but also the tolls of other companies in the road network will be lost. If the RFID method is used to identify the vehicle path, the mileage of the vehicle is also recorded accordingly, and this is used as the basis for toll splitting. Even if there is a vehicle evasion, it will only affect the result of the evasion company’s account splitting. The losses of other companies are made up by the companies that have evaded fees. Adopting this method will help improve the management level of each company and reduce the toll leakage of the entire road network.

　　3. Application analysis of RFID in intelligent transportation

　　1. Feasibility analysis

　　(1) For the application of RFID in a regional or local area, it will not be restricted and restricted by international standards, and it is easy to promote and apply;

　　(2) Active, UHF tags used in intelligent transportation applications have long read and write distances, good security, more secure data storage time, and more mature and stable technology.

　　(3) Due to the use of active tags, the user's worries are resolved in terms of security, confidentiality, and privacy issues.

　　2. Technical difficulties faced

　　(1) Questions about standards

　　RFID technology is a technology for individual identification, positioning, and calculation. It is applied in the district

　　When applied in a regional or partial range, it will not be restricted and affected by standardization issues. However, with the continuous expansion and development of regional or local applications, such as the network of expressway non-stop toll collection, large regions or nationwide will become possible. If there is a forward-looking standardization work, it will have a very important meaning and effect to guide the healthy development of RFID.

　　(2) Interference of multiple targets

　　The problem of "adjacent channel interference" is often encountered in the automatic identification of vehicle management. The so-called "adjacent lane interference" refers to that the RFID reader in a lane not only reads the electronic tag on the own lane, but also misread the electronic tag on the adjacent lane, which affects the identification of their respective ownership. Completely solving the interference problem of multiple targets is also a key issue for the promotion of RFID technology.

　　(3) RFID security architecture issues (such as preventing label duplication, label self-destruction), etc.

　　The access defect of the tag itself; due to the cost limitation of the tag itself, it is difficult for the tag itself to have sufficient security capabilities. In this way, we are faced with a big problem. Illegal users can use a legal reader or construct a reader to communicate directly with the tag. In this way, you can easily obtain the data stored in the tag. For read-write tags, there is also the risk of data being rewritten.

　　The security problem on the communication link; the data communication link of RFID is a wireless communication link. Unlike a wired connection, the wireless transmission signal itself is open. This brings convenience to the interception of illegal users, leading to hackers illegally intercepting communication data, business being subject to denial attacks, using imposter tags to send false data, etc.

　　Security risks inside the reader. In the reader, in addition to the middleware used to complete data selection, time filtering and management, it can only provide user business interfaces, but cannot provide an interface that allows users to improve their security performance.

　　Fourth, the conclusion

　　With the vigorous development of RFID technology in recent years, there are many applications of RFID in the field of intelligent transportation. While RFID serves intelligent transportation, we will also encounter confusion and problems from standards, communications, security, cost, etc., but we believe that with the improvement of the related application soft environment and the continuous development and improvement of RFID technology, RFID will It will become one of the mainstream applications in the development of intelligent transportation.

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