Classification of Radio Frequency Identification Technology

　　Classification of Radio Frequency Identification Technology

　　1. Passive RFID.

　　Among the three types of RFID products, passive RFID is the earliest, the most mature, and the most widely used. In passive RFID, the electronic tag completes the information exchange by receiving the microwave signal transmitted by the RFID reader and obtaining energy through the electromagnetic induction coil to supply power to itself for a short time. Because the power supply system is omitted, the volume of passive RFID products can reach the order of centimeters or even smaller, and its own structure is simple, low cost, low failure rate, and long service life. But as a price, the effective identification distance of passive RFID is usually short, and it is generally used for close contact identification. Passive RFID mainly works in the lower frequency band 125KHz, 13.56MKHz, etc. Its typical applications include: bus cards, second-generation ID cards, canteen meal cards, etc.

　　2. Active RFID.

　　The rise of active RFID is not long, but it has played an indispensable role in various fields, especially in the electronic non-stop toll collection system of highways. Active RFID is powered by an external power supply and actively sends signals to the RFID reader. Its volume is relatively large. But it also has a longer transmission distance and higher transmission speed. A typical active RFID tag can establish contact with an RFID reader at a distance of 100 meters, and the read rate can reach 1,700read/sec. Active RFID mainly works in higher frequency bands such as 900MHz, 2.45GHz, and 5.8GHz, and has the function of identifying multiple tags at the same time. The long-distance and high-efficiency of active RFID makes it indispensable in some RFID applications that require high performance and large range.

　　3. Semi-active RFID.

　　Passive RFID does not supply power by itself, but the effective identification distance is too short. Active RFID has a long enough identification distance, but requires an external power supply and is bulky. And semi-active RFID is a compromise product for this contradiction. Semi-active RFID is also called low frequency activation trigger technology. Under normal circumstances, semi-active RFID products are in a dormant state and only supply power to the part of the tag that holds the data, so the power consumption is small and can be maintained for a long time. When the tag enters the identification range of the RFID reader, the reader first accurately activates the tag in a small range with a 125KHz low-frequency signal to make it work, and then transmits information to it through 2.4GHz microwave. That is to say, first use low-frequency signals for precise positioning, and then use high-frequency signals to quickly transmit data. Its usual application scenario is: in a large range that a high-frequency signal can cover, multiple low-frequency readers are placed in different positions to activate semi-active RFID products. This not only completes the positioning, but also realizes the collection and transmission of information

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