Electronic label coupling

        Electronic label coupling　　

　　Electronic label coupling is to use different methods to transmit different signals. The working distance between the RFID tag and the reader in the RFID system is an important issue in the application of the RFID system. Usually, the working distance is defined as the distance between the RFID tag and the reader that can reliably exchange data. The working distance of the RFID system is a comprehensive index, which is closely related to the matching of RFID tags and readers. According to the distance of the radio frequency identification system, the coupling between the radio frequency tag antenna and the reader antenna can be divided into three categories.

　　(1) Closely coupled system. The typical operating distance of the system ranges from 0 to 1 cm. In practical applications, it is usually necessary to insert the radio frequency tag into the reader or place it on the surface of the reader antenna. The tight coupling system uses the contactless space information transmission radio frequency channel formed by the inductive coupling (closed magnetic circuit) between the radio frequency tag and the reactive near-field area of the reader antenna. The operating frequency of the tightly coupled system is generally limited to any frequency below 30MHz. Because the electromagnetic leakage of the tight coupling method is small and the energy obtained by the coupling is large, it is suitable for application systems (such as electronic door locks) with high safety requirements and no operating distance requirements.

　　(2) Remote coupling system. The typical operating distance of a telecoupled system can reach lm. The telecoupling system can be further subdivided into two types: close-coupled system (typical action distance is 15cm) and sparsely coupled system (typical action distance is lm). The typical working frequency of the remote coupling system is 13.56MHz, and there are some other frequencies, such as 6.75MHz, 27.125MHz and so on. The main difference between the telecoupled system and the tightly coupled system is that the power of the inductive coupling is different, which makes the coupling distance different. Remotely coupled systems are still the mainstream of low-cost RFID systems.

　　(3) long-distance system. The typical action distance of long-distance systems is 1 to 10m, and individual systems have longer action distances. All long-distance systems use the electromagnetic coupling (electromagnetic wave emission and reflection) between the radio frequency tag and the reader antenna to radiate the far field area to form a contactless space information transmission radio frequency channel. The typical working frequency of long-distance system is 915MHz, 2.45GHz, 5.8GHz, in addition, there are some other frequencies, such as 433MHz and so on. Radio frequency tags of long-distance systems are divided into passive radio frequency tags (without batteries) and semi-passive radio frequency tags (with batteries) according to whether they contain batteries. In general, RFID tags with batteries have a longer working distance than RFID tags without batteries. The battery in the semi-passive RFID tag does not provide energy for the data transmission between the RFID tag and the reader, but only provides energy for the RFID tag chip, which serves to read and write and store data. The long-distance system generally adopts the reflection modulation working mode to realize the data transmission from the radio frequency tag to the reader. Long-distance systems generally have typical directionality, and the cost of radio frequency tags and readers is still at a high level. From a technical point of view, a long-distance system that meets the following characteristics is an ideal radio frequency identification system: radio frequency tags are passive and can be read and written wirelessly; radio frequency tags and readers support multi-tag reading and writing; suitable for the identification of high-speed moving objects (object moving speed is greater than 80kin/h); long distance (reading and writing distance is greater than 5--10m); low cost (can meet the requirements of one-time use).

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