Take you into the past and present of smart cards!NFC Card manufacture

　　With the development of the economy, people's income levels are getting higher and higher. Although income is increasing, people have fewer and fewer banknotes in their wallets, but more and more cards. "One card in hand, travel all over the country", our lives are inseparable from smart cards. A bank card allows you to buy things without having to bring a bunch of money, a storage card allows you to do business without having to carry thick documents, and a bus card allows you to take a discount in the city without worrying about finding change...

　　In this era of rapid technological development, the term "smart card" has been seen everywhere. The wide acceptance and use of various cards shows that it has a wide range of uses and is closely related to people's daily lives. Smart card, the English name is "Smart Card". In fact, the name that appeared in people's field of vision at first was IC card. Why? This is related to its origin, which will be explained later. Now let us understand what a smart card is. In simple terms, a smart card is a card containing an integrated circuit chip. It is easy to carry, has a large capacity, and has high confidentiality. Its shape is the same as that of a magnetic card used by banks. However, with the development of technology, there are now more processes and shapes, which will be mentioned later.

　　Next, let's understand the origin of smart cards. Smart cards were first introduced in France. In the mid-1970s, the Frenchman Roland Moreno (Roland Moreno) put a programmable IC (Integrated Circuit) chip in the card for the first time, so that the card has more Features. At that time, in his patent application, he explained the invention as follows: The card has a memory that can be self-protected. In this way, the world's first IC card was born.

　　In fact, the word is vague in a certain sense. Since the appearance of IC card, it has been called in many ways in the world. English names are "Smart Card", "IC Card", etc.; in Hong Kong and Taiwan, they are mostly called "smart card", "smart card" and "smart card", etc.; while in the mainland, people generally call it "IC card" "Or "smart card". With so many names, there must always be one standard. Therefore, the International Organization for Standardization uses ICC (Integrated Circuit Card), that is, "Integrated Circuit Card" to cover all "smart cards" that meet the definition.

　　The composition of the smart card has three aspects: one is the substrate, the other is the contact surface, and the third is the integrated chip. Let’s start with the substrate. Smart card substrates are mostly made of PVC, but also made of plastic or paper. Generally, all card factories in the card manufacturing industry do not produce PVC materials. PVC materials are provided by professional PVC material manufacturers. , The price classification standard is the whiteness of the material. Regarding the contact surface, in accordance with the international standard ISO7816 for contact smart cards, the smart card chip is encapsulated in the upper left corner of the smart card and covered with 6 or 8 contacts for communication with external devices. Although the position of the contact point, the minimum and maximum size and the position are standardized, the layout of the contact surface can be freely designed by the card supplier or chip manufacturer.

　　The reason why the integrated chip is put at the end is because the integrated chip is the core part of the smart card. In the production process, the chip is first encapsulated into an independent module, and then embedded in a plastic card base. For non-contact cards, a designed antenna is also embedded on the card base. The chip-embedded card base, called intermediate material, or core material, is produced in the early stage of production of finished cards. It is mainly used as a semi-finished product for the production of various smart cards and non-smart cards.

　　Some smart cards contain RFID chips, so they can identify the cardholder and read and write to the smart card without any physical contact with the reader. This kind of smart card is a contactless smart card that combines RFID technology and IC technology. Having said that, let's talk about the classification of smart cards. According to different exchange interfaces, smart cards can be divided into contact, non-contact and dual interface cards. Different from non-contact smart cards, contact smart cards need to touch the reading and writing device to read and write data; while dual interface cards (also called composite cards) combine the first two into one card and embed a single card. The chip allows the card to have both contact and non-contact interfaces.

　　If we put the smart card alone in our hands, we have no way to operate it. An independent smart card is meaningless for any application system. In order to use a smart card to access the data in it, we must use something that can operate the smart card, which is a terminal device. The POS machines, ATM machines, and mobile phones we are familiar with can all be called terminal devices. Only through these terminal devices can we really make the smart card play a role.

　　At the beginning, the shape of the smart card was like a general bank card. With the advancement of technology and the accumulation of experience, smart cards have added many different processes, such as glue cards, video cards, 3D cards, and laser cards. In addition to the changes in card surface technology, smart cards can also be customized in shape, and can be packaged into special shapes such as labels, buttons, keys, and accessories according to needs to meet people's needs for smart cards and customized personalities.

　　The easy-to-carry smart card integrates real-life functions. The scope of smart card applications has covered various fields from life to industrial production and consumption. So far, the world’s largest smart card application project is the second-generation national identity owned by every Chinese citizen. Cards, look around us again. Access control, social security cards, bank cards, bus cards, ETC cards, smart cards are inseparable from our lives, and campuses, communities, and transportation, all kinds of all-in-one cards are no longer uncommon. see. In the future, the application technology and promotion of multiple uses of smart cards will be more extensive. In the future, people's production activities and consumption will only need one card to realize all applications, and truly realize "one card in hand, I have the world". In addition to the all-in-one card use of smart cards, the combination of mobile payment and smart card technology has also become the development trend of the current information age. NFC technology based on smart cards has been widely used in the field of mobile payment. The development of smart cards in the field of mobile payment will make the cashless era faster arrival.

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