The difference between RFID and ETC two emerging technologies

　　In order to thoroughly study and implement Xi Jinping’s socialist thoughts with Chinese characteristics in the new era and the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, continuously improve the public cultural service system, and promote the sustained and rapid development of my country’s library industry, the China Library Society RFID, as a new technology, is a radio The combination of technology and radar technology. In 1948, Harry Stockman's "Communication Using Reflected Power" laid the theoretical foundation for radio frequency identification RFID. The technology that laid the foundation for RFID was developed in World War II. At that time, in order to identify aircraft, it was also known as the "enemies and friends" recognition technology. Subsequent versions of this technology are still used in aircraft recognition.

　　A typical RFID system includes three main components: electronic tags, readers (including antennas), and application systems. The electronic tag is the data carrier of the radio frequency identification system. It is composed of a tag antenna and a tag-specific chip. It can receive the electromagnetic field modulation signal of the reader and return a response signal to realize the read or write operation of the tag identification code and memory data. The reader is used to receive commands from the host and transmit the data stored in the sensor back to the host in a wired or wireless manner. It contains a controller and an antenna. If the reading distance is long, the antenna will exist alone. The application system refers to the user's original MIS system. The terminal computer of the application system that interacts with the RFID system transmits the work instructions issued by the application system, and controls the coordination between the electronic tag and the reader through the middleware, processes all the data collected by the RFID system, and performs calculations and storage And data transmission.

　　The working principle of the RFID system is: when an item with an electronic tag enters the radiation range of the reader's antenna, it receives the radio frequency signal sent by the reader. Passive electronic tags use the energy obtained by the induced current to send out the data stored in the tag chip, and active electronic tags actively send the data stored in the tag chip. The reader is generally equipped with a certain function of middleware, which can read Take the data, decode it, and directly perform simple data processing, and then send it to the application system. The application system judges the legitimacy of the electronic label according to the logical operation, and performs corresponding processing and control for different settings, thereby realizing the basic functions of the RFID system.

　　According to different operating frequencies, RFID systems can be divided into low-frequency readers, medium-high frequency readers, ultra-high frequency readers and microwave reader systems. The working frequency of low frequency system is generally 30KHz～300KHz, and its typical working frequency is 125KHz and 133KHz. Its basic characteristics are the lower cost of the tag, less data stored in the tag, shorter reading and writing distance (about 10cm), various tag shapes, and poor reading antenna directivity. It is mainly used in animal husbandry and animal management. The working frequency of medium and high frequency system is generally 3MHz～30MHz, and its typical working frequency is 13.56MHz. Its basic characteristics are the low cost of tags and readers, a large amount of data stored in the tags, a long read and write distance (up to 1m or more), and strong adaptability. The appearance is generally card-shaped, readers and tags The antennas have a certain degree of directivity, and are mainly used in second-generation ID card systems and all-in-one card systems. The operating frequency of UHF and microwave systems is generally 300MHz～3GHz or greater than 3GHz. Its typical operating frequencies are 433MHz, 915MHz, 2.45GHz and 5.8GHz. According to the characteristics of each frequency band, it can be applied to different occasions.

　　The ETC system is mainly composed of an automatic vehicle identification system, a central management system and other auxiliary facilities. Among them, the vehicle automatic identification system is composed of OBU, RSU, loop sensor and so on. OBU (Electronic Tag) stores the relevant information of the vehicle and is generally installed on the front windshield of the vehicle. The RSU (ie reader) is installed next to the toll station. The loop sensor is installed under the road surface. The central management system stores a large amount of information about registered vehicles and owners. When the vehicle passes through the toll gate, the loop sensor senses the vehicle, the RSU sends out an inquiry signal, the OBU responds, and conducts two-way communication and data exchange. The central management system obtains the vehicle identification information and compares and judges, and controls according to different situations The management system generates different operations to realize the automatic management of moving vehicles.

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