What is RFID radio frequency identification technology?Chip Bracelet Dealer

　　RFID (Radio Frequency Identification, radio frequency identification) is a non-contact automatic identification technology, which automatically recognizes the target object and obtains relevant data through radio frequency signals, can quickly track items and exchange data, and its identification work does not require human intervention.

　　RFID, as a new technology, is a combination of radio technology and radar technology. In 1948, Harry Stockman's "Communication Using Reflected Power" laid the theoretical foundation for radio frequency identification RFID. The technology that laid the foundation for RFID was developed in World War II. At that time, in order to identify aircraft, it was also known as the "enemies and friends" recognition technology, and subsequent versions of this technology are still used in aircraft recognition.

　　A typical RFID system includes three main components: electronic tags, readers (including antennas) and application systems.

　　The electronic tag is the data carrier of the radio frequency identification system. It is composed of a tag antenna and a tag-specific chip. It can receive the electromagnetic field modulation signal of the reader and return a response signal to realize the read or write operation of the tag identification code and memory data.

　　The reader is used to receive commands from the host and transmit the data stored in the sensor back to the host in a wired or wireless manner. It contains a controller and an antenna. If the reading distance is long, the antenna will exist alone.

　　Application system refers to the user's original MIS system. The terminal computer of the application system that interacts with the RFID system transmits the work instructions issued by the application system, and controls the coordination between the electronic tag and the reader through the middleware, processes all the data collected by the RFID system, and performs calculations and storage And data transmission.

　　The working principle of the RFID system is: when an item with an electronic tag enters the radiation range of the reader’s antenna, it receives the radio frequency signal sent by the reader. Passive electronic tags use the energy obtained by the induced current to send out the data stored in the tag chip, and active electronic tags actively send the data stored in the tag chip. The reader is generally equipped with a certain function of middleware, which can read Take the data, decode it, and directly perform simple data processing, and then send it to the application system. The application system judges the legitimacy of the electronic label according to the logical operation, and performs corresponding processing and control for different settings, thereby realizing the basic functions of the RFID system.

　　Radio frequency tags are radio frequency cards, also known as non-contact IC cards. It is composed of an IC chip and an inductive antenna. The chip and antenna are not exposed and are packaged in a standard PVC card. The reading and writing process of the radio frequency card is usually completed by radio waves between the radio frequency card and the reader. It successfully combined radio frequency identification technology and IC card technology, and ended the two major technical problems of passive and contact-free. This is a major breakthrough in the field of electronic devices.

　　According to the power supply mode of the tag, the radio frequency tag can be divided into two forms: active and passive.

　　Active tags use the energy provided by the power supply in the tag, and the identification distance is long (up to tens of meters or even hundreds of meters), but the life span is limited and the cost is high.

　　The passive tag does not contain a power source, and obtains energy from the electromagnetic field of the reader during operation. It is light in weight, small in size, long in life, and low in cost, but the communication distance is limited.

　　According to different operating frequencies, RFID systems can be divided into low frequency, medium high frequency, ultra high frequency and microwave systems.

　　The working frequency of low frequency system is generally 30KHz～300KHz, and its typical working frequency is 125KHz and 133KHz. Its basic characteristics are the lower cost of the tag, less data stored in the tag, shorter reading and writing distance (about 10cm), various tag shapes, and poor reading antenna directivity. It is mainly used in animal husbandry and animal management.

　　The working frequency of the medium and high frequency system is generally 3MHz～30MHz, and its typical working frequency is 13.56MHz. Its basic characteristics are the low cost of tags and readers, a large amount of data stored in the tags, a long read and write distance (up to 1m or more), strong adaptability, and the appearance is generally card-shaped, readers and tags The antennas have a certain degree of directivity, and are mainly used in second-generation ID card systems and all-in-one card systems.

　　UHF and microwave systems generally operate at 300MHz～3GHz or greater than 3GHz. Its typical operating frequencies are 433MHz, 915MHz, 2.45GHz and 5.8GHz. According to the characteristics of each frequency band, it can be applied to different occasions.

　　"For example, 433MHz active tags are often used in the fields of near field communication and industrial control. The choice of 915MHz passive tag logistics field. In addition to being widely used in short-distance communication, 2.45GHz is also widely used in my country's railway transportation identification management. The 5.8GHz RFID system is used as the working frequency band of my country's ETC, and is the first to formulate the national ETC standard.

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