What is the difference between HF and UHF RFID technology?

　　What is the difference between HF and UHF RFID technology?

　　1. From the perspective of technological development:

　　High frequency technology is relatively more mature than UHF technology. From the initial commercialization in 1995, to today's extensive and mature practical application, high-frequency technology has achieved quite good results. Compared with RFID tags in other frequency bands, high-frequency tags have the largest production volume and manufacturers have the highest ROI. Through continuous improvement and improvement, a learning curve model for high-frequency label production, data protocol sharing, and the foundation of RFID applications has also been established. UHF technology has just begun to enter the stage of large-scale application, and its technical level has not yet reached the point of maturity.

　　2. From the perspective of signal interference:

　　Both HF and UHF RFID systems are very dependent on the communication environment between the reader and the tag. However, the near-field inductive coupling of high-frequency technology reduces potential wireless interference, making high-frequency technology extremely strong "immunity" against environmental noise and electromagnetic interference (EMI). UHF uses the principle of electromagnetic emission, so it is more susceptible to electromagnetic interference. At the same time, metal can reflect signals and water can absorb signals. These factors will interfere with the normal function of the tag. Although some UHF tags (such as Gen2) after technological improvement have excellent performance in preventing interference from metals and liquids, UHF tags are still slightly inferior compared with high-frequency tags, and other methods are needed to compensate.

　　3. From the perspective of global standards:

　　The International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission formulated the ISO/IEC, 15693 standards in 1999 to regulate the implementation of high-frequency radio frequency identification technology. The 13.56MHz high frequency band has become an effective International Science and Medicine (ISM) band worldwide. After Japan agreed to use a consistent high-frequency frequency in December 2002, its power level has also been unified worldwide. UHF standards are not so uniform, and the frequencies used in different countries are not the same. The UHF specified by the European Union is 865~868MHz, the U.S. is 902~928MHz, India is 865~867MHz, Australia is 920~926MHz, Japan is 952~954MHz, and countries such as China have not yet given a suitable UHF one. The frequency range is in a state of lack of standards. The direct consequence of the inconsistency of the UHF frequency band is to disconnect the supply chain of enterprises trying to establish a seamless link in the global supply chain.

　　4. From the perspective of global RFID power requirements:

　　The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) EN300-220 specification has two main clauses that are not favorable for UHF. One is about the power limitation, which stipulates that the effective radiated power is 500 milliwatts; the second is about the bandwidth limitation. As a result, it is impossible to make the reader/writer frequency hopping, and it also limits the speed of tag anti-collision arbitration. European regulations restrict signal modulation between UHF tags and readers, resulting in inconsistencies between the U.S. and European systems.

　　RFID tags have received a lot of praise from users in actual applications. Although the price is relatively high, UHF tag technology has obvious unique advantages in automatic identification and safety of goods. The production efficiency and management of enterprises will be has seen an increase.

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